If you've already got ADB over USB

Run adb tcpip 5555 on your computer

Unplug your usb cable and run

adb kill-server
adb connect 192.168.2.5

Where 192.168.2.5 is your phone's IP

Without connecting your phone to your computer at all, you can:

####Step 1: root phone (ok, that will probably require a computer)

####Step 2: start adbd listening on some port, say 5555

on your phone, using a terminal (emulator):

su
setprop service.adb.tcp.port 5555
stop adbd
start adbd

####Step 3: connect to phone

on your computer:

adb connect [phone's ip]

####Step 4: debug your app

####Step 5: turn it off

setprop service.adb.tcp.port -1
stop adbd
start adbd